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Автор | Gilley, Christopher
| Название | The ‘Change of Signposts’ in the Ukrainian Emigration. A Contribution to the History of Sovietophilism in the 1920s. With a foreword by Frank Golczewski |
Дата | 2009 |
Язык | Английский |
Страниц | 468 |
ISBN | 978-3-89821-965-5 |
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АннотацияThe failure of the attempts to create a Ukrainian state during the 1917-21 revolution created a large Ukrainian émigré community in Central Europe which, due to its experience of fighting the Bolsheviks, developed a decidedly anti-Communist ideology of integral nationalism. However, during the 1920s some in the Ukrainian emigration rejected this doctrine and began to advocate reconciliation with their former enemies and return to Soviet Ukraine. This included some of the most prominent figures in the Ukrainian governments set up after 1917, for example Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, Volodymyr Vynnychenko and Ievhen Petrushevych. On the basis of published and unpublished writings of the Sovietophile émigrés, this study reconstructs and analyses the arguments used to justify cooperation with the Bolsheviks. In particular, it contrasts those who supported the Soviet regime because they saw the Bolsheviks as leaders of the international revolution with those who stressed the apparent national achievements of the Soviet Ukrainian republic. In addition, it examines Soviet policy towards pro-Soviet émigrés and the relationship between the émigrés and the Bolsheviks using documents from historical archives in Kyiv. The Ukrainian movement is compared to a similar phenomenon in the Russian emigration – Smena vekh (‘Change of Signposts’). The book thereby contributes to the study of the era of the New Economic Policy and Ukrainianisation in the Soviet Union, as well as to the histories of the Ukrainian emigration in the 1920s and of Ukrainian political thought. |
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Оглавление книгиСодержание
Acknowledgements 11 Glossary 13 Foreword by Frank Golczewski 17 Introduction Ukrainian Sovietophilism and the Problem of Smenovekhovstvo 19 1 Russian Smenovekhovstvo 35 Overview 35 Smenovekhovstvo and the Bolsheviks 54 Conclusion 57 2 The Ukrainian Emigration: Roots, Contexts and Developments 59 The Ukrainian Populist Heritage 59 The Ukrainian Revolution 64 The Soviet Ukraine in the 1920s 68 The Ukrainian Lands under Polish Rule 75 The Ukrainian Emigration 80 Conclusion 948 3 Volodymyr Vynnychenko and the Foreign Group of the Ukrainian Communist Party 97 Introduction 97 Vynnychenko’s Reassessment of the Ukrainian Revolution 100 The Foreign Group of the UKP and Nova Doba 108 Vynnychenko’s Mission to Moscow and Kharkiv 118 Nova Doba and the Impact of Vynnychenko’s Return to the Emigration 137 Vynnychenko and the Soviet Ukraine after the Closure of Nova Doba 150 Conclusion 158 4 Mykhailo Hrushevskyi and the Foreign Delegation of the Ukrainian Party of Socialist Revolutionaries 163 Hrushevskyi and the UPSR 163 The Creation of the Foreign Delegation of the UPSR 167 Boritesia-Poborete! 174 The Attempt to Legalise the UPSR 182 Hrushevskyi’s Return to the Ukraine 200 Conclusion 218 5 The Change of Signposts in the Ukrainian Emigration 221 The Growth of Smenovekhovstvo in Berlin 221 The Ukrainian National Committee 226 The Amnesty for Interned Petliurists 231 Ivan Kobza and the Ukrainian Agrarian Democratic Party 242 The Hrekov Group and the Creation of a Ukrainian Nakanune 2469 Nova Hromada 269 Conclusion 287 6 West Ukrainian Sovietophilism 291 Ievhen Petrushevych and the Government of the West Ukrainian People’s Republic 292 Émigré Military Organisations and Galician Internees 310 Sovietophilism in the Western Ukraine 319 The Union of Ukrainian Citizens in France 333 Conclusion 348 7 The Immigration of East Galician Intellectuals to the Ukraine 351 Mykhailo Lozynskyi 355 Iuliian Bachynskyi 370 Antin Krushelnytskyi 379 Conclusion 386 8 Ukrainian Smenovekhovstvo and the ‘Turn to the Right’ 389 Conclusions 399 The Development and Importance of Ukrainian Sovietophilism 399 Russian and Ukrainian Smenovekhovstvo 413 Appendix 421 Biographical Details of Prominent Figures in the Ukrainian National Movement and the Ukrainian Soviet Republic 421 Bibliography 439
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